Neutrino Homepage at Brookhaven National Laboratory


Dr. Zohreh Parsa Neutrino Physics; CPV and LBNE that she started in 1998, has been fundamental high priority mega science project for over a decade	Dr. William Marciano Neutrino Physics; Awarded J. J. Sakurai Prize for Theoretical Particle Physics (2002)	Dr. Nicholas Samios Early measurements of neutrino electron elastic scattering etc.; Awarded Gian Carlo Wick Gold Medal (2009)	Dr. Raymond Davis Awarded 2002 Physics Nobel Prize for detecting Solar Neutrinos!	Dr. Maurice Goldhaber Experiment, revealed ν's to be left-handed, property known as "spin" Awarded National Medal of Science.	Dr. Melvin Schwartz Awarded Nobel Prize for Discovery of the Muon-Neutrino (1988).

Neutrino Physics & Experiment

1. Past History

Neutrino physics has had an interesting history. In 1930 Dr. Pauli postulated the existence of the (electron) neutrino, in 1956 this was confirmed by Drs. Reines and Cowan using a nuclear reactor source of antineutrinos. In 1962, a second distinct (muon) neutrino was shown to exist in a BNL experiment. For that discovery Nobel Prize was awarded to Drs. Lederman, Schwartz and Steinberger. In 1995, the third, (tau) neutrino was detected at FNAL. In parallel, Dr. Ray Davis' studies of solar neutrinos confirmed understanding of stellar dynamics modulo a 2/3 flux deficit that later was recognized as a result of ν oscillations among the three flavors of neutrinos. Properties of those oscillations were further unveiled with followup solar, atmospheric, reactor and accelerator neutrino studies. The discovery of oscillations, detection of 19 neutrino events from supernova 1987a by the old IMB and Kamiokande water cherenkov detectors confirmed the theory of supernova explosions. The WMAP experiment has started to see imprints of neutrino mass effects on cosmic microwave back ground radiation left from the Big Bang.

2. Introduction

In 1998 Dr. Zohreh Parsa started the Neutrino CP Violation studies, extra Long Baseline (L, 2000 km < L < 4000 km) Neutrino (LBN) oscillation Physics and Experiment (LBNE) that envisioned sending a very intense neutrino (ν) beam (e.g., from Brookhaven National Laboratory on Long Island, New York), through the earth to a far away underground multipurpose large detector capable of making precision measurements of all the (ν) neutrino oscillation parameters, Proton decay and observation of natural sources of neutrinos such as supernova, providing a major advances in neutrino science. The key to this approach is (extra long) very long distance L. Length of the Baseline defines the physics you can do, once chosen, can not be changed without establishing a new facility.

Extra Long Base lines provide possibility of observing multiple nodes of the Neutrino oscillation probability in appearance and disappearance experiments. By measuring muon neutrino disappearance and electron neutrino appearance, such a project would be capable of determining all 3 generation mixing angles, mass hierarchy, along with magnitude of the CP violation (e.g., by measuring CKM phase and explicitly observing differences in the muon neutrino and muon anti-neutrino oscillations). No existing experiment so far has such capability. E.g., Neutrinos emitted in the first few seconds of a core-collapse supernova, would have insight into evolution of the universe. LBNE (very Long Baseline Neutrino Experiment), would be capable of measuring, (collecting and analyzing), the high-statistics neutrino signals from a supernova in our galaxy; provide information on the inside of the newly-formed neutron star; allowing possible observation of black hole creation.

"Very" or "Extra" Long Baseline terms has been used, to distinct our very Long Baseline (L) from other existing/ or proposed experiments that use the term "Long Baseline Neutrino Experiment (LBNE)" but have a short baseline, (e.g. Japan's Super-k Detector with baseline of less than 300 km, etc). In existing experiments, Detector(s) were placed at the first node of oscillations (with short baseline). But with extra long baseline LBNE, Detector(s) can be placed e.g. at the 2nd or third nodes of oscillations, that would allow the CP violation measurement in addition to the mixing angles, etc. In some of our earlier simulation(s), L (lower bound) was reduced from 2000 km to 1300 km to correspond to baseline of FNAL to Homestake.

2.1. Neutrinos

Neutrinos are neutral subatomic particles that rarely interact with matter. Over trillion neutrinos pass through your bodies per second without leaving a trace. Neutrinos have low masses compared to other elementary particles. These tiny particles with no electric charge are able to oscillate, and change from one type of neutrino to another, when studied at LBNE (DUNE) could provide a deeper understanding of our universe.  Neutrinos come in three states, or flavors, and can transform from one flavor into another; and that each neutrino flavor state is a mixture of three different nonzero mass states. Neutrinos come from nuclear reactions in stars, our sun, and on Earth. Three flavors are: electron, Muon and tau Neutrinos, where muon is 200 times heavier than the electron and tau is 3,500 times heavier. Neutrinos emitted in the first few seconds of a core-collapse supernova carry the potential for insight into the evolution of the universe. Results from the experiment should enable a broad exploration of the three-flavor model of neutrino physics, help understand matter-antimatter asymmetries (through charge-parity symmetry violation (CPV)) in neutrino flavor mixing; unravel the mystery of matter generation in the early universe; neutrino mass ordering; and precise measurement of neutrino mixing parameters. Grand unified theories (GUTs), predict rates for proton decay that cover a range directly accessible with the next generation of large underground detectors.

3. LBNE (very Long Baseline Neutrino Experiment)
with Neutrino Source at BNL

Using a wide band muon neutrino beam from BNL to an underground (e.g., 0.5 megaton water Cherenkov) detector at Homestake gold Mine in South Dakota was one of our first study for "very Long Baseline Neutrino Experiment" (LBNE). Interest in LBNE with neutrino source at BNL to a far away (L=2540 km), underground Detector at Homestake, grew. Dr. A. Mann (U.Penn.) was one of the 1st to ask Dr. Parsa, (with his calls and in person), for her results for sending neutrinos (neutrino beam) from BNL (AGS) to the underground detector(s) in Homestake Gold Mine. He and others became increasingly interested; worked hard to get fundings for water removal and for Processing the Mine to an Underground Science Lab ("NUSL"; "DUSEL" etc.). Examples of Earlier simulations given in Fig.1 & Fig.2:

|"Reload"| your Browser for more Figs. or if blank.

Fig.1 (Top Fig): Variation of parameters, e.g. variation of L (Baseline)
distance from ν source to the detector, in Probability vs Energy plots.
Fig.2 (Lower Fig): CP Phase Variations, in Probability vs Energy plots.

This page include part of Dr. Parsa's collaborative work. In addition to Dr. Parsa, later Dr. Marciano (BNL), and at Snowmass meeting (experimentalists) Drs. K. McDonald (Princeton U.), S. Kahn (BNL), and others joined the proposed (Extra) Very "Long Baseline Neutrino Experiment" (LBNE), that could search for CP violation in the lepton sector and precision studies of the neutrino mixing matrix and more. Years later, a BNL associate director (at that time) formed a group to look into AGS, neutrino source at BNL etc... With time the LBNE Collaboration expanded to an international collaboration and LBNE to a mega-science project.

Fig.3: Sketch of the 3-dimensional view of BNL neutrino beamline
(shielding and decay tunnel are not shown here).

Fig. 4: Schematic of the BNL-AGS RHIC facility and location of the
beam line for sending neutrino beam to Homestake mine in South Dakota
and any detector in Western Direction. For more info e.g., |click Here | .

Potentials of intense neutrino beams from BNL and FNAL to (Long Baseline) underground Detectors at Homestake, SD; Henderson, CO; Cascades, WA; etc., were also investigated and studied as competition for Deep Underground Science and Engineering Laboratory Site increased. Later Homestake, S.D. was selected.

Fig. 5: Shows BNL, FNAL and 3 last possible DUSEL Detector Sites,
Homestake (SD),Henderson (CO), and Cascades (WA).

Fig. 6: Drs. Z. Parsa, W. Marciano and R. Wilson in Henderson
(Molybdenum Mine), a proposed Underground Lab site in Co.

Fig. 7: Some of BNL LBNE Collaboration members (2014). Front row (L to R) Y. Li, Z. Parsa, C. Zhang, P. Novakova, M. Bishai, M. Diwan, 2nd row (L to R): W. J. Marciano, Jim Stewart, M. Worcester, D. Barci, D. Kerr, 3rd row (L to R): R. Hackenburg, B. Yu, D. Adams, M. Potekhin, S. Kettell, J. Dolph.

Interest for LBNE in U.S. with neutrino source at BNL to a far Detector (underground at the Homestake, S.D L=2540 km), grew to fundamental high priority international mega-science project for over a decade, as "LBNE Collaboration" continued to expand. According to BNL Director at the time, BNL received funding from DOE to start the LBNE with Source at BNL, but (P. Paul said) he "had to return the money back to DOE" due to conflict of AGS chair (retired) who wanted more funding...

3.1. Neutrino Detector

Neutrino detector is an aparatus/ structure used to detect and study neutrinos. Since neutrinos interact weakly with other particles, Neutrino detectors are made very large to detect a large number of neutrinos. To block the background radiation and cosmic rays, they are placed underground. There are various detectors including: Super Kamiokande (Fig. 8) a large volume of water surrounded by phototubes that look for the Cherenkov radiation emitted when an incoming neutrino generates an electron or muon in the water; Sudbury Neutrino Detector uses heavy water as the detecting medium. Other detectors may have large volumes of chlorine or gallium that are periodically checked for excesses of argon or germanium, respectively, which are created by neutrinos interacting with the original material. MINOS uses a solid plastic scintillator surrounded by phototubes; Borexino uses a liquid pseudocumene scintillator also surrounded by phototubes; The Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Detector (Fig. 9) walls are lined with photomultiplier tubes (PMTs), the tubes are designed to amplify and record flashes of light that signify an antineutrino interaction. The acoustic detection of neutrinos is done by ANTARES, IceCube (Fig. 10), and KM3NeT collaborations; etc.

Fig. 8: Super-Kamiokande 50-kiloton Cherenkov detector 3300 feet underground filled with water with photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) on its walls. |Closer View|.

Fig. 9: The Daya Bay neutrino detector walls are lined with photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) & contains gadolinium-doped liquid scintillator. The tubes amplify and record flashes of light that signify an antineutrino interaction. Daya Bay neutrino oscillation experiment measure the mixing angle θ13 using anti-neutrinos produced by reactors of Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) & Ling Ao NPP.. on southern coast of China 55 Km northeast of Hong Kong. For a Larger view click |Here|

Fig. 10: IceCube Neutrino Detector constructed at the Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station in Antarctica. Its thousands of sensors are placed under Antarctic ice, distributed over a cubic kilometer, designed to look for neutrinos in the TeV range to explore highest-energy astrophysical processes. See Left-Tab 7d); Youtube: Tour of IceCube Lab; and Neutrino Measuring the unexpected etc.

Fig.11: The ProtoDUNE-SP (single phase) detector during installation at CERN. For a larger view click |Here|.

4. LBNE Reconfiguration

Following sections include a brief chronology of LBNE Reconfiguration with Neutrino Source at FNAL, (The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment), DUNE/LBNF development(s) etc. "Left Tabs" provides more on LBNE and for beam to Detector at SURF (DUNE/LBNE); also on Reactor Experiment; Solar Neutrino Experiment; etc. In 2012, Fermilab (FNAL) proposed for the LBNE with source at FNAL. Phase-I (CD-1) was approved by DOE which included construction of a Neutrino beamline at FNAL, where the Neutrino beam would travel through earth to a far detector at Sanford Lab in Lead, S.D. |Click Here|. For Brookhaven National Laboratory, DOE's approval of CD-1 was an important milestone after over decade of LBNE work at BNL. Using a high intensity accelerator neutrino beam from FNAL to a, (L=1287.475 km or about 800 miles baseline) liquid Argon TPC detector at SURF (Homestake), is the LBNE reconfiguration. This program goals, (are the BNL LBNE physics goals that started over a decade earlier), include Determination of leptonic CP violation, v mass hierarchy, underground physics etc. LBNE with source at FNAL later was renamed Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE). LBNE Collaboration became DUNE Collaboration (Left-Tabs 15-21).

Fig. 12: DUNE (previously LBNE) Collaboration members from BNL (May 2014): Front row (L to R):Y. Li, Z. Parsa, M. Diwan, P. Novakova, D. Jaffe, R.Sharma, C.Zhang, N.Samios; Back row (L to R): M. Creutz, X. Qian, B. Viren, W.Marciano, R. Hackenburg, B. Yu, D. Adams, L. Bignell, E. Worcester, M. Bishai, S. Kettell, M. Potekhin.

Fig. 13: March 4, 2015 Dr. Zohreh Parsa, BNL (2nd row Center) and Neutrino Workshop Participants at Brookhaven National Laboratory. For Larger photo.|Here|

Fig. 14: Extracting Signals of Elusive Particles from Giant Chambers Filled with Liquefied Argon are Brookhaven (Front Row L to R): Veljko Redeka, Xin Quian, Hucheng Chen (Back Row L to R): Brian Kirby, Wenquang Gu, Hanyu Wei, Chao Zhang, Mary Bishai, Yichen Li, Brook Russel (student), Brett Viren, Xiangpan Ji.....

Fig. 15: Brookhaven Lab members of the PROSPECT team, on the Left (from left to right): R.D. Perez, M.Yeh, M.Diwan, S. Gokhale (back); D.Jaffe, R. Rosero. On the Right (left-to-Right): C. Zhang, M. Zhao, X. Ji, A. Zhang, X. Qian, C.C.Reyes.
The PROSPECT neutrino experiment at the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) is to study (at various distances from the reactor) the electron antineutrinos emitted from nuclear decays in the reactor and how these particles oscillate or transform to other neutrinos.

Fig. 16: August 29, 2018 -- BNL members deliver Components for Proto-DUNE Detector; (including L to R:) J. Zhang, M. Zhao, E. Raguzin, A. Hoffman, K. Sexton, J. Stewart, S Gao. Seated M. Worcester & C.Pereya. For 1st Particle Tracks |Here|.

Fig. 17: E. Worcester (BNL) at CERN prior to installation in ProtoDUNE-SP detector.

Fig. 18: 2021 BNL DUNE Collaboration Members ( Left Tabs 16b & 16C).

Fig. 19: March 23, 2021 Physics Department Chair Hong Ma and Some of participants at BNL Physics Department Virtual Event at 3:00 p.m.: 1.Here, 2.Here, 3.Here, 4.Here & 5.Here. For New Zoom Feature |Here|.

Fig. 20: Dr. Zohreh Parsa, BNL & some participants at the BNL (Zoom, Virual) Seminar. There have been many Seminars in 2001 in addition to DUNE meetings & workshops. E.g. (see Left-Tab 29b) on May 13, 2021 there were seminars at 9 am, 11 am, 2 pm, 3 pm, 4 pm virtually attended and more... Photos as on Zoom...

Fig. 21: June 8,2021 3:30 pm "Neutron stars as laboratories for nuclear and particle physics.." For Larger image click |Here| For the recorded talk click on: Colloquium

Fig. 23: Shows Some: organizers, speakers and participants of June 16-18, 2021 (click |Here| for larger image) |IceDUNE Workshop| . DUNE/IceCube workshop "focused on physics using atmospheric nus with emphasis on the complementarity of their Energy coverage".

Fig. 24: Schematic of Long-Baseline Neutrino Experiment
with source at FNAL to 800 miles (baseline) detector.

5. DUNE/ LBNF

The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) expected to use the most intense neutrino beam and a larg detector to study neutrino (v) the most abundant matter particles in the universe. Scientists continue working to discover the missing pieces that could explain e.g., how the known particles and forces created in our universe; discover if neutrino is the reason our matter-filled universe exists, to check formation of black hole in a nearby galaxy; proton decay, etc. The full-size DUNE Detector, expected to be built about a mile underground at the Sanford Research Facility (in homestake, South Dakota). Detectors record particle tracks emerging from rare neutrino collisions with (massive target material) atoms. For more on Detectors |click Here|. For the 35-Ton Prototype Detector for DUNE YouTube, click |Here|

Fig. 25: 35-Ton DUNE Particle Detector (Symmetry/ibid Collaboration)

May 22, 2014 - P5 Report recommended new international LBNF (Long Baseline Neutrino Facility), with FNAL as the host Lab. See e.g. Tab 15 a)LBNF/ DUNE info.

Fig. 26: DUNE International Collaboration.(For "DUNE-Who are we" click |Here|.)

March 2015 -- LBNE (Long Baseline Neutrino Experiment) changed to ELBNF (Experiment at Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility). ELBNF/DUNE new Spokespersons |Andre Rubbia & Mark Thomson| thanked ELBNF/DUNE* collaboration.

Dec 2015 -- Conceptual Design Report; Vol 1, DUNE-CDR1-1601.05471.

January 2016 - December 2016 and January 2017 - December 2017 |Click Here|

Fig. 27: DUNE Collaboration at CERN, with US & International members, Jan 2017.

Fig. 28: Left to Right: DUNE Spokespersons Ed Blucher, U. Chicago & M. Thomson UK; Technical Coordinator: E.James; International Project Manager S.Kettell BNL.

Fig. 29: May 2017--DUNE Collaboration at FNAL(larger version |Here|); Talks Here

Fig. 30: July 21, 2017 LBNF Groundbreaking |Here|--one mile beneath Lead, South Dakota, construction began as part of LBNF. Excavating Crews will excavate four massive caverns that will house DUNE . View YouTube |LBNF Groundbreaking|

Jan 2018 --- "Next DUNE Collaboration meeting", will be posted on |Indico|.

Jan 29 - Feb 2, 2018 --- Neutrino Platform Week, see List; e.g. DUNE:Physics...

March 1, 2018 - New DUNE Co-Spokesperson Prof. Stefan Söldner-Rembold |Here| U.of Manchester & Co-Spokeperson Prof. Ed Blucher U. of Chicago |Here|.

Fig. 31: Left: Prof. Stefan Söldner-Rembold; Middle: Prof. Ed Blucher;
Right: Prof. R. Wilson, DUNE Institute Board Chair (re-elected 2 additional yrs) .

March 20 - 22, 2018 --- "DOE Project Review of LBNF - DUNE" at FNAL; |Here|

Apr 20, 2018 — Dune Collaboration talks |Here|.

May 15-18, 2018 — DUNE Collaboration meeting | Here|

Fig. 32: May 2018--DUNE Collaboration at FNAL

June 4–9, 2018 --For Neutrino 2018 in Heidelberg |Here|

July 4-11, 2018 -- Seoul |ICHEP| and |Status of single&dual phase DUNE proto..|

August 14, 2018 -- |Postdoc Postion at MSU| and |Faculty/Academic Staff|.

Fig. 33; Proto-DUNE Detector (CERN). For a larger view |Click Here|.

Jan 3-4, 2019 -- BNL DUNE Computing Workshop E.g, BNL Scientific Computing

Jan 22 - 25, 2019 -- PHYSTAT-nu series 2019 Workshop - CERN

Jan 28 - Feb 1, 2019 -- The 12th DUNE Collaboration Meeting - CERN

Fig. 34: DUNE Collaboration at CERN |Click Here| For Larger version.

April 17, 2019 Bob Wilson (Fig 25 & |Here|), re-elected IB Chair for 2 more years.

May 20 - 24, 2019 -- The 13th DUNE Collaboration Meeting - FNAL According to DUNE spokeperson Collaboration now has 1069 collaborators, from 177 institutions, in 31 countries, (578 faculty, 184 postdocs, 109 engineers, 198 PhD students). From: "Armenia (3), Brazil (31), Canada (1), CERN (37), Chile (3), China (2), Colombia (8), Czech Republic (11), Spain (35), Finland (4), France (38), Greece (5), India (44),
Iran (2), Italy (66), Japan (7), Madagascar (4), Mexico (10), The Netherlands (6), Paraguay (4), Peru (7), Poland (6), Portugal (6), Romania (7), Russia (10), South Korea (5), Sweden (1), Switzerland (30), UK (146), Ukraine (4), USA (528)".

Fig. 35: 13th DUNE Collaboration Meeting at FNAL |Click Here| For Larger version.
For DUNE collaboration Meetings need to input access code (passwd):

September 23-27, 2019 Collaboration Meeting (CM)- FNAL

October 9, 2019 -- 2nd Proto DUNE detector at CERN saw its first tracks. Tests
start at CERN for large-scale prototype technology to detect neutrinos.

November 11, 2019 — Chris Mossey the Deputy Director for the LBNF (Long Baseline Neutrino Facility) was elected to National Academy of Construction.

November 12-13, 2019 -- Module of Opportunity for DUNE Workshop at BNL
*For Registered Participants at Brookhaven Module of Opportunity for DUNE
|Click Here|. For DUNE Status, Stefan Soldner-Rembold |Here| The Local and International Organizing Committees for this Workshop included from Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL): Steve Kettell, Xin Qian, Jim Stewart, Hanyu Wei, Elizabeth Worcester, Bo Yu. The Collaboration invited the broader particle physics community to participate, and explore opportunities for novel detector technologies.

Fig. 36: Long Baseline Neutrino Facility (LBNF) Near-Site Groundbreaking started site preparation for Illinois portion.

November 14, 2019 -- Over the next few years Fermilab is to build a new beamline for its accelerator complex to direct the neutrino particles toward an underground cavern on the Fermilab site to house a multi-component particle detector, and to the DUNE detector (1300 Km away) in South Dakota. |Click Here|

Without neutrinos from Fermilab and with DUNE detector(s) in place, only a long baseline neutrino beam e.g. from BNL (with AGS upgrade after few years) directed to South Dokota allow scientists to investigate the neutrinos and their role in the evolution of our universe: e.g., the neutrinos interactions as they travel long distances; the differences between neutrinos and their antimatter which can provide clues why we are made of matter not antimatter; the neutrinos produced when a star explodes could reveal the formation of neutron stars and black holes; and protons lifetime (wether they live forever or eventually decay).

December 9–13, 2019 -- MicroBooNE Analysis Retreat, Hosted at Brookhaven National Laboratory for "collaboration to work towards bringing MicroBooNE’s signature result (low-energy excess) and other physics results to public" in 2020.

Fig. 37: January 23-24, 2020 Daresbury APA Factory Workshop participants,
in Jan 2020 DUNE Monthly Report (S. Kettle, BNL).

January 27 - 31, 2020 -- Collaboration Meeting - CERN

Feruary 7, 2020 -- The four volumes of the DUNE TDR by DUNE Collaboration have been published on the arXiv; going to be submitted to JINST (according to S.S. Rembold). Also are available on (Left) Tab 24; or click on: |Volume One| Introduction to DUNE; |Volume Two| DUNE Physics; |Volume Three| DUNE Far Detector Technical Coordination; |Volume Four| DUNE Far Detector Single-phase Technology.

March 3, 2020 Stefan Soldner-Rembold, re-elected as DUNE Co-Spokesperson.

March 4 − 6, 2020 Long Baseline Neutrino Committee (LBNC) Review at FNAL.

March 10−11, 2020 A TPC Electronics warm interface board (WIB) and overall system PDR will be held at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL).

April 2 − 3, 2020 A Resource Review Board (RRB) meeting will be held at FNAL.

April 28 – May 1, 2020 FNAL Director’s Review of LBNF & DUNE project.

May 7 - 8, 2020 Calibration & cryogenic instrumentation workshop, CERN.

May 18 - 22, 2020 -- Collaboration Meeting @ SURF Canceled due to COVID-19

Fig. 38: June 22, 2020 -- Neutrino 2020 Ice Cube Collaboration.

July 19, 2020 -- The Single Phase Liquid Argon Prototype at CERN for DUNE ended its run . It studied: liquid argon purity, test beam events, tested high voltage systems, and tested an injection of Xenon (13.5 kG for 18.8 ppm in mass). Xe shifts wavelength from 128 nm to 175 nm which increases the Rayleigh scattering length to increase uniformity and light yield. To see more on ProtoDUNE Results |Here| .

Jul 22, 2020 Nuclear theory of neutrinoless double-beta decay Workshop |Here|

August 10, 2020 -- The Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment in China (See Fig 13 Daya Bay Detector), and the MINOS accelerator Experiment at FNAL issued a news release that the “sterile” neutrino cannot be directly detected in experiments but could be established based on its quantum mechanical mixing with the three (electron, muon and tau) known types of neutrinos; essentially rule out the combined anomalous observations from LSND, MiniBooNE and other experiments...

August 12, 2020 Mini Workshop: Neutrino Electromagnetic Properties |Here|

September 1, 2020 -- For DUNE Glossary |Click Here| and for "ABC DUNE" an online glossary that automatically generated from LaTeX files used in design reports and other DUNE documents. |Click Here|, or see Left Tabs 14f) and 14g).

September 4, 2020 -- DUNE Collaboration Call Meeting |DUNE-Updates & News|

September 25, 2020 -- S.Soldner-Rembold |Here|; For "DOE Basic Research Needs for High Energy Physics Detector Research & Development Report"|Here|

October 2, 2020 -- Rare Processes and Precision Frontier Meeting |Here|

December 2-4, 2020 -- Next LBNC (Long Baseline Neutrino Committee) meeting |Here| . Last LBNC meeting Sep 14 - 16 report |Here|.

December 3, 2020 -- ProtoDUNE Single-Phase Detector's 1st Physics Results published by DUNE Collaboration |Here|. The ProtoDune-SP Detector at CERN is performing with > 99% efficiency, is considered best performing Liquid-Argon (L-AR) time projection chamber to date. These first results “show that the ProtoDUNE-SP detector works even better than was anticipated. DUNE co-spokesperson Stefan Söldner-Rembold, said: "Now we are ready for the construction of 1st components for the DUNE detector, which will feature detector modules based on this prototype, but 20 times larger. We are happy with the 1st physics results published; as some of our DUNE members (from BNL) delivered Components for the Proto-DUNE Detector (Fig 11). E. Worcester, BNL (Fig 17) noted “the ProtoDUNE results show that we have designed a detector that will allow us to reach our science goals in DUNE"; etc. This first DUNE paper, show how they were able to achieve a signal-to-noise ratio of 50 to 1, which previously could not achieve for liquid-argon time projection chambers. They also evaluated detector’s reliability and found more than 99% of its 15,360 detector channels are functioning as they should.

Dec7, 2020 -- Per S.Kettel's email "story on first ProtoDUNE-SP.." posted |Here|

January 15, 2021 -- DUNE collaboration Call, for agenda |Click Here|. 

January 25-29, 2021 -- DUNE collaboration Virtual Meeting |Here|.

Feb 17, 2021 -- Proto DUNE Meeting |snapshot|, and full Agenda |Here|.

Feb 22, 2021 Neu. Tel. conf practice talks |Here|; snapshots 1)Here and 2)Here.

Feb 18-26, 2021 XIXX International Neutrino Telescopes (Neu.Tel.) Workshop, with focus on "Large Detectors for Neutrino Astrophysics, Neutrino Physics and Cosmology", about 1000 registered participants, for the Timetable click |Here|., and click for the Conference |Group picture|.

Fig. 40: (Left:) Regina Rameica, FNAL is the newly elected DUNE Cospokeperson
to serve with (Right:) Stefan Söldner-Rembold, U.Manchester.

March 15-18, 2021 -- "New Directions in Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering" (NDNN) workshop; for agenda click |Here|.

Fig. 41: March 26, 2021 Dr. Zohreh Parsa, BNL & some of Participants at the DUNE Collaboration Call, (Zoom) meeting at 9:00am CDT. For Agenda click |Here|.

April 12-16, 2021. "28th International Workshop on Deep-Inelastic Scattering and Related Subjects" (DIS2021); for this (Zoom) meeting click |Here|.

"Photos & Names are as appears on Zoom..."

April 21, 2021 ProtoDUNE DRA Meeting Agenda; Some Participants; Snapshot2

April 22, 2021 at 11:30 am EST, ProtoDUNE DRA Meeting |Agenda|; |Snapshot|

Fig. 43: Dr. Zohreh Parsa (BNL), and over 80 virtual | Participants| at the May 13, 2021, 2 pm (Zoom) Neutrino Seminar Series on "gravitational memory of supernova neutrinos". [Click on "Participants" once to open & 2nd time to enlarge].

May 17-21, 2021 DUNE Collaboration Meeting (Virtual) |Here| .

Fig. 45: June 30, 2021 ProtoDUNE DRA Meeting Participants. Larger image |Here|

July 11-20, 2021 Snowmass 2021 workshop delayed by a year (to July 17-27, 2022 in Seattle). Main Conference Website

Fig. 46: July 16, 2021 at 10 am EST DUNE Collaboration Call |Participants| | contd.|

August 19-25, 2021 -- For the 20th Lomonosov Conference |Click Here|

Sep 20-24, 2021 Collaboration Meeting (TBD) |Here| .

2022 -- The Snowmass2022,Main Conference Website The summer study at U. of Washington Seattle "summer 2022", and the Snowmass Book in "October 2022"...

6. Updates 1999-2021

Fig. 47: Physicist Zohreh Parsa who in 1998 at BNL started the LBNE (very Long Baseline Neutrino physics and Experiment), maintained 1999-2021 the "Brookhaven Neutrino Homepage" https://neutrino.bnl.gov alias https://Neutrinos.bnl.gov, continued the Neutrino Physics as part of the DUNE (Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment) and DUNE/LBNF Collaboration; complementary and supportive of BNL and the international neutrino program.
*[Mail: Prof. Dr. Z. Parsa, Physics 510A, Brookhaven National Laboratory,
Upton, NY 11973-5000 USA. Tel: 631-344-2085; Email: parsa@bnl.gov]. |About| |Acknowlegements| In Memoriam

7. On Neutrio/DUNE related Youtube:

How to Know a Neutrino |Click Here| and click on "skip Ad" to start.

DUNE at LBNF |Click Here|
How does DUNE work" |Click on Arrowhead|

Brookhaven is operated and managed for DOE's Office of Science by Brookhaven Science Associates, a limited-liability company founded
by the Research Foundation for the State University of New York, and Battelle, a nonprofit applied science and technology organization.
About_BNL    |BNL Site Index|    |Privacy and Security Notice|

YouTube: Brookhaven National Lab    Brookhaven Dicovery Park Click on "Down Arrow", then click on => to start.    Working at BNL
BNL Light Source-II    BNL Center for Functional Nanomaterials    RHIC on “How the Universe Works”    RHIC: The Perfect Liquid

|Mobil Version|

Recent & Past Highlights